Te Pakanga i waenganui i te Māramatanga me te Pōuri: Te Pakanga i waenganui i a Amerika me Īrāna mā te Tirohanga o ngā Transformers
I roto i te hītori o te pakanga hou, he iti noa ngā wāhanga ahumahi kua whai wāhi nui engari he mea whakatau i roto i te whakataetae rautaki pērā i te whakawhiti hiko. E tū ana i waho o ngā tāone nui, ka hurihia te hiko ngaohiko teitei hei hiko e taea ai te whakamahi mō ngā kāinga, ngā pakihi, me ngā ahumahi. Heoi, i ngā wā pakanga, ka noho hei pūtake e kore e kitea hei hurihanga mō te wikitoria me te hinganga. Mai i te whakaeke muka waro o te Pakanga o te Moana-a-Kiwa i te tau 1991, ki te pōuri ohorere i taupokina ai a Baghdad i te tau 2003, me te whakararuraru i ngā pokapū raraunga i waenganui i ngā taupatupatu hou i waenganui i a US me Iran i te tau 2026, kua noho tonu ngā whakawhiti hiko hei kaupapa matua mō te rautaki hōia me te manawanui o te iwi whānui.
- Te Pokanga Tika i runga i te Whatunga Hiko
I te pō o te 17 o Hānuere, 1991, i runga ake i te Moana-a-Kiwa o Pāhia, i tukuna e ngā waka pōma B-52 o Amerika, ehara i te mea he pahūtanga nui noa iho, engari he rau ngā taputapu tohatoha motuhake. I te teitei o te 300 mita, i horahia e ēnei ipu he tekau mano o ngā miro muka waro, he 0.1 mirimita noa te whānui. I te rere pērā i te puehu pai i te hau, ka tau ki runga i ngā teihana hiko o Irāki me ngā raina tuku hiko teitei.
Mō ngā whakawhiti hiko, he whakaekenga ngawari kino tēnei. Nā te mea he tino kaha te kawe hiko, ka whakapotohia tonutia e ngā muka waro ngā raina 220-kirovolt. I roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko, ka piki ake ngā mita iahiko ki ngā taumata tino nui, ka mutu ai ngā whakawhiti tiaki. Ko te mea tino kino, ka puta mai ngā pewa hiko neke atu i te 2,000°C mai i ngā ārai hiko, ka mimiti i ngā kawe hiko parahi. E whā ngā kaihanga hiko tāpoi i kati i roto i ngā meneti tekau, ka whakakorea te 1,200 megawatts o te kaha hiko.
Koinei te whakamahinga nui tuatahi o ngā poma karāpeti i roto i te pakanga, ā, ko te wā tuatahi tēnei i arohia ai ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko hei rawa rautaki. I kōrero ngā kaimahi rererangi o te Kotahitanga kua ngaro te māramatanga o te tāone, ā, kua ngoikore ngā tohu reo irirangi whakahaere me te mana whakahaere o Irāki mā te 40 ōrau pea. I te wā i mārama ai, ka pōuri a Baghdad. I mahi ngā hōhipera mō te wā poto i runga i ngā miihini whakaputa hinu tīhi; i mutu te mahi a ngā papu wahie, ā, i haere tonu ngā mahi a ngā tīma pokanga mā te rama.
Mai i te tirohanga a te ope taua, he tauira pai tēnei o te whakaekenga kore-nekehanga: i karohia te whakangaromanga hanganga whānui me ngā mate nui o te iwi whānui, me te whakakore tika i te pokapū io o te ope taua o Irāki. I tino kitea te ngoikore o ngā whakawhiti hiko—ngā pona nui i roto i te pūnaha hiko. I te ngana a ngā kaimahi tiaki o Irāki ki te tango i ngā taura mai i ngā pourewa tuku hiko 30-mita te roa, nā te whakatakotoranga anō i te hau i puta ai ngā ara iahiko poto, i whara ai ngā kaimahi, ā, tata kore e taea te whakatika.
- Te Korekore o te Rautaki i roto i te Pōuri
Mena i whakaatuhia e te Pakanga o te Moana-a-Kiwa i te tau 1991 ngā pū whakawhiti-pū hei ūnga hōia tika, i whakakitea e te Pakanga o Irāki i te tau 2003 tō rātou mana hei mea ngaro rautaki.
I te 8:00 pm o te 3 o Paenga-whāwhā, 2003, i te wā i eke ai ngā hōia patu o Amerika ki te Taunga Rererangi o Baghdad, ka pōuriuri te tāone nui. Ahakoa te taenga mai o ngā ope taua kotahitanga i te wiki i mua atu, kāore tonu te nuinga o ngā ratonga hiko i hoki mai. I kī tonu ngā mana whakahaere o Amerika kua āta whakakorea e te kāwanatanga o Saddam Hussein te hiko o te whatunga hiko hei mahi rautaki; i kī ngā miihini hiko o Irāki nā te pōma a te ope taua i ngā hanganga tuku hiko; i whakapae ētahi atu kaimātakitaki he mahi whakararuraru ki ngā whakaurunga whakaputa hiko, tohatoha rānei.
I whakaū te kaiwhakahaere o te Teihana Hiko o Dora, kei te tonga o Baghdad, kāore anō kia tukuna he whakahau mana hei whakamutu i te whakaputa hiko. I whakawhirinaki te whare ki ngā tuku hau māori mai i Kirkuk, engari nā te kino o ngā paipa i motu te tuku wahie, ā, i kati ai. I whakapuaki anō hoki te Komiti o te Ripeka Whero i te pōhēhē mō te takenga mai o te pōuri, nā te mea kāore anō kia puta he whakamārama tuturu.
I whakaatu tēnei āhuatanga rerekē o te motuhanga hiko i te tūranga rua mō ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko i roto i te pakanga: he whāinga nui rāua, ā, he tūāpapa hoki mō te pumau i muri i te pakanga. I kī pono tētahi o ngā rangatira o te Ope Taua o Amerika e whakahaere ana i te whakaora hiko i Baghdad: "Kāore e taea e mātou te whakahoki mai i te hiko nā te mea kāore mātou e mōhio he aha i pakaru ai." Mō ngā kainoho noa o Baghdad, i nui ake te uaua o ia rā i te pahua, i ngā ārai tiriti, i ngā nekehanga waka tauā rānei.
He rerekē tēnei i te wāhanga tuatahi o te pakanga, i te wā i mau tonu ai te whatunga hiko o Baghdad ahakoa te kaha o te pupuhi mai i te rangi. I whakapuakina e ngā rangatira o Amerika tō rātou hiahia ki te karo i ngā hanganga hiko ā-iwi. Heoi, i te taenga o te pakanga ki tōna taumata whakatau, kāore te mutunga o ngā whakawhiti hiko i raro i ngā whakaaro hangarau, engari i raro i te arorau o te whakataetae rautaki.
- Ngā Kino Tauira i te Rohe Tangata Whenua
I te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2026, nā te pakanga hou i waenganui i te US me Īrāna i whakanoho anō i ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko ki waenganui o te koretake o te rohe. I tēnei wā, ko te pokapū raraunga rorohiko kapua Amazon Web Services (AWS) i te United Arab Emirates te kaupapa matua.
Pikitia 1: Te kōrero a AWS mō te pānga o te pokapū raraunga o UAE
I ngā hāora wawe o te 1 o Poutū-te-rangi, i te wā ā-rohe, i pānuitia e AWS kua pāngia tētahi o ōna rohe wātea o te UAE e te motuhanga hiko mō te wā poto whai muri i tētahi "āpitihanga pānga." I puta ngā mura me te ahi ā-rohe i te wāhi. I heke te hononga ipurangi, i heke te wātea o ngā ratonga kapua, ā, i tino whakararuraruhia ngā mahi kāwanatanga, mātauranga, me ngā mahi arumoni puta noa i te Middle East e whakawhirinaki ana ki te AWS.
I pātai ngā kaimātakitaki ahumahi mēnā kua horapa atu ngā pakanga ki tua atu i ngā whāinga hōia, tae atu ki ngā hanganga ā-iwi nui. Ko ngā pokapū raraunga, te rite o te ao matihiko ki ngā whakawhiti raraunga, ka huri i ngā rerenga raraunga nui ki te pūngao whakahaere o ngā ōhanga hou. He rite tō rātou hiranga rautaki ki ērā o ngā whakawhiti hiko tuku iho—ā, he rite tonu te tūponotanga ki ngā tūmomo riri o ngā pere me ngā waka rererangi kore.
Ko te mea nui rawa atu hei āwangawanga mā te tangata ko te whakawhirinaki nui o ngā whenua o te Moana-a-Kiwa ki te tango tote i te wai māori mā te hiko. Tata ki te 90 ōrau o te wai inu o Kuwait, 42 ōrau o te UAE, me te 70 ōrau o Saudi Arabia e tukuna ana e te tango tote. Ko te kino o ngā hanganga hiko—tae atu ki ngā whakawhiti hiko e whakakaha ana i ngā whakaurunga tango tote—ka tūpono ki te oranga o te miriona. E ai ki te whakatūpato a tētahi hautaka tōrangapū Wīwī: "Ko te wai inu pea te tohu o te rekereke o ngā whenua o te Moana-a-Kiwa i te aroaro o ngā whakaekenga a Iran."
I taua wā anō, i whakaekea ngā hanganga pūngao e ngā whakaekenga maha. I katihia tētahi whare hanga hinu o Saudi Aramco, he 550,000 oko te kaha tukatuka i ia rā, whai muri i te whakaekenga a te waka rererangi; i whakamutua e QatarEnergy te hanga hau māori wai. Tata tonu te mutu o ngā waka moana i roto i te Moana-a-Toi o Hormuz, ā, i puta ai te piki me te heke o ngā mākete pūngao o te ao. Inaianei, he nui ake ngā mea e mau ana i ngā whakawhiti hiko i tua atu i te whakamārama tāone: ko rātou te pou tautoko i ngā hanganga nui o te ao hou.
- Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero mō te Ngāwari me te Manawanui
I roto i ngā tekau tau e toru o te pakanga i waenganui i a Amerika me Īrāna, kei te noho tonu a Transformers hei kaupapa matua o te pakanga, engari kua whanake tonu tō rātou tūranga rautaki.
I te Pakanga o te Moana-a-Kiwa, he tino tika ngā whāinga: ko ngā muka waro e rere ana pērā i te hukarere i whakakore i ngā pūnaha parepare hau matatau. I te Pakanga o Irāki, ka noho rātou hei pion i roto i te koretake o te rautaki, me ngā kōrero whakataetae e huna ana i ngā tino take o te hinganga. I te pakanga o te tau 2026, kei te tū rātou i te wāhi e hono ana te oranga hōia me te oranga tangata whenua: ina ngaro te hiko o ngā pokapū raraunga AWS, ka kati ngā tipu tango tote, ā, ka mutu te kotahi haurima o ngā waka LNG o te ao i te Moana-a-Toi o Hormuz, ko te hiranga o ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko kei tua atu i te uara hōia anake, ā, ka noho hei ine i te whanonga matatika i roto i te pakanga.
He mea nui te kite, i puta he panonitanga ngawari i te tau 2026. I kite ngā kaimātakitaki, kāore i rite ki ngā pakanga o mua, ko te whatunga hiko o Tehran me ngā hanganga matua e pā ana ki tēnei mea i arohia. Kua whakamāramatia tēnei hei whakaata i te iti o ngā puranga patu a te US e ārahihia ana e te tika, e huri ana i ngā patu e wātea ana ki ngā whāinga matua ake. Mena he tika, tera pea kua whanake ngā taputapu whakawhiti mai i ngā whāinga tuatahi ki ngā whakaaro tuarua—ehara i te mea nā te mea kua heke te hiranga rautaki, engari nā te nekehanga o ngā tataunga utu-painga i roto i te kaupapa patu.
Ahakoa ngā whakarerekētanga rautaki, kei te noho ngoikore tonu ngā whakawhiti hiko hei pou tūāpapa o ngā hanganga hou. Mai i ngā pewa hiko e mura ana i ngā muka waro, ki te pōuri ohorere o ngā pokapū raraunga, ki ngā taputapu maroke ina mutu te tango tote, ka whakaūhia e ia motuhanga hiko tētahi mooni tino kino: i roto i te pakanga hou, he nui atu ngā whakawhiti hiko i ngā taputapu ahumahi kore mahi. Ko rātou te hononga nui e hono ana i te mahi hōia, te oranga ā-iwi, te kaupapa rautaki, me te mooni mahi.
Ina mutu te pakanga, ko te hanga anō i ngā whakawhiti hiko he tohu i te whakahokinga mai o te tikanga ā-iwi. Ka tirotirohia e ngā miihini hiko ngā ururua hei whakatika i ngā raina tuku hiko kua pakaru i Baghdad; ka oma ngā tohunga hangarau i te Moana-a-Kiwa ki te whakaora i ngā pokapū raraunga kua pakaru; ka aroturukihia e ngā mākete pūngao o te ao ia nekehanga o ngā kaipuke tāke i te Moana-a-Toi. I waenganui i te māramatanga me te pōuri, ka whakaatu puku ngā whakawhiti hiko i te nanakia o te pakanga me te manawanui pumau o te hapori tangata.
Ka ara ake tēnei i tētahi pātai matua: i roto i tētahi ao e piki haere ana te hiko, ina huri ngā mea whakawhiti hei taputapu pakanga, ko wai ka tautuhi i te rohe i waenga i te māramatanga me te pōuri? Tērā pea kāore te whakautu i te papa pakanga, engari kei roto i te hinengaro o ia tangata e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hiko hei oranga, hei mana, hei tumanako hoki.
Pikitia 2: Ngā miihini e tirotiro ana i tētahi whakawhiti hiko matua i tētahi teihana hiko ngaohiko teitei
Tuhipoka a te Kaiwhakaputa
He tātaritanga pono tēnei tuhinga mō te tūranga rautaki o ngā whakawhiti hiko i roto i ngā pakanga hou, me ngā kaupapa hītori me ngā whanaketanga rohe o te tau 2026 kua manatokohia mō te tika. Hei hanganga nui, he mea nui ngā whakawhiti hiko mō te haumarutanga pūngao o te ao, te oranga o te iwi whānui, me te whakaoranga i muri i te pakanga. Mō ētahi atu tirohanga ki ngā taputapu me ngā otinga hanga whakawhiti hiko pono, ātete-mōrearea, tirohia tā mātou paetukutuku mana: www.kāinga-whakawhiti.